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Choosing a Teacher |
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67ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): العِلمُ دِينٌ ، الصَّلاةُ دِينٌ ، فَانظُروا عَمَّن تَأخُذونَ هذا العِلمَ . |
| 67– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Knowledge is a part of religion [just as] prayer is a part of religion, so be careful who you take this knowledge from.’[Kan z al-`Ummal, no. 28666] |
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68ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): خُذِ الحِكمَةَ مِمَّن أتاكَ بِها ، وَانظُرْ إلى ما قالَ ، ولا تَنظُرْ إلى مَن قالَ. |
| 68– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Take wisdom from whoever brings it to you, and look at that which is being said and do not look at who is saying it.’[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 5048] |
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69ـ الإمامُ الكاظمُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لا عِلمَ إلّا مِن عالِمٍ رَبّانِيٍّ ، ومَعرِفَةُ العالِمِ بِالعَقلِ . |
| 69– Imam al-Kazim (AS) said, ‘Knowledge can only be gained from a divine scholar, and recognition of that scholar is through the intellect.’[Mustadrak al-Wasail, v. 11, p. 258, no. 12926] |
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حُقوقُ المُتَعَلِّمِ عَلَى المُعَلِّمِ |
The Rights of the Student to be Observed by the Teacher |
70ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): لِينُوا لِمَن تُعلِّمونَ ، ولِمَن تَتَعَلَّمونَ مِنهُ. |
| 70– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Be gentle towards those whom you teach as well to those whom you learn from.’[Munyat al-Murid, p. 193] |
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71ـ الإمامُ زينُ العابدينَ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): أمّا حَقُّ رَعِيَّتِكَ بِالعِلمِ: فأن تَعلَمَ أنَّ اللّهَ عَزَّوجلَّ إنَّما جَعَلَكَ قَيِّماً لَهُم فيما آتاكَ مِنَ العِلمِ ، وفَتَحَ لَكَ مِن خَزائنِهِ ، فإذا أحسَنتَ في تَعليمِ النّاسِ ولَم تَخرُقْ بِهِم ولَم تَضجَرْ عَلَيهِم زادَكَ اللّهُ مِن فَضلِهِ ، وإن أنتَ مَنَعتَ النّاسَ عِلمَكَ أو خَرَقتَ بِهِم عِندَ طَلَبِهِمِ العِلمَ كانَ حَقّا عَلَى اللّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ أن يَسلُبَكَ العِلمَ وبَهاءَهُ ، ويُسقِطَ مِنَ القُلوبِ مَحَلَّكَ. |
| 71– Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) said, ‘The right of your subjects through the knowledge you possess is to know that Allah has made you a custodian over them on account of the knowledge He has bestowed on you and the storehouses [of wisdom] which He has opened up for you. If you teach people well, and do not mistreat them, nor treat them harshly, then Allah will increase His grace upon you. But if you withhold your knowledge from people or treat them harshly when they seek knowledge from you, then it will be Allah’ s right to deprive you of knowledge and its magnificence, and to make you fall from your place in the people’ s hearts.’[`Aawali al-La’ `Ali, v. 4, p. 74, no. 54] |
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72ـ الإمامُ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ) ـ في قولهِ تعالى: «وَلا تُصَعِّرْ خَدَّكَ لِلنّاسِ» ـ: لِيَكُنِ النّاسُ عِندَكَ فِي العِلمِ سَواءً . |
| 72– Imam al-Sadiq (AS) with regards to Allah’s verse in the Qur’an “Do not turn your cheek disdainfully from the people” 302, said, ‘That people should be equal in your eyes when it comes to [sharing] knowledge.’[Munyat al-Murid, p. 185] |
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حُقوقُ المُعَلِّمِ عَلَى المُتَعَلِّمِ |
The Rights of the Teacher to be observed by the Student |
73ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): ثَلاثَةٌ لا يَستَخِفُّ بِحَقِّهِم إلّا مُنافِقٌ: ذو شَيبَةٍ فِي الإسلامِ ، وإمامٌ مُقسِطٌ ، ومُعَلِّمُ الخَيرِ . |
| 73– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘There are three types of people whose right none will deem lightly apart from the hypocrite who manifests his hypocrisy the old person in Islam, the just leader, and the teacher of good.’ [Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 43811] |
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74ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مِن حَقِّ العالِمِ عَلَيكَ أن تُسَلِّمَ عَلَى القَومِ عامَّةً وتَخُصَّهُ دونَهُم بِالتَّحِيَّةِ ، وأن تَجلِسَ أمامَهُ ، ولا تُشيرَنَّ عِندَهُ بِيَدِكَ ، ولا تَغمِزَنَّ بِعَينَيكَ ، ولا تَقولَنَّ: «قالَ فُلانٌ» خِلافا لِقَولِهِ ، ولا تَغتابَنَّ عِندَهُ أحَداً، ولا تُسارَّ في مَجلِسِهِ ، ولا تَأخُذَ بِثَوبِهِ ، ولا تَلِجَّ عَلَيهِ إذا مَلَّ ، ولا تُعرِضَ مِن طُولِ صُحبَتِهِ ، فإنَّما هِيَ بِمَنزِلَةِ النَّخلَةِ تَنتَظِرُ مَتى يَسقُطُ عَلَيكَ مِنها شَيءٌ . |
| 74– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘It is a scholar’ s right upon you that you greet people in general as a whole but single him out with your greeting, that you sit in front of him, that you do not point to him with your hand, nor make hints against him with your eyes, nor say, ‘but x said’ in opposition to his statements, nor backbite anyone in his presence, nor whisper secrets to others in his gathering, nor pull on his robe, nor insist for him to continue if he is tired, nor show disinclination at the length of his speech, for verily it [i.e. his speech] is as a palm tree from which you [should] anxiously wait for something to fall from it for you.’[Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 29363] |
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75ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): لَيسَ مِن أخلاقِ المُؤمِنِ التَّمَلُّقُ وَلا الحَسَدُ إلّا في طَلَبِ العِلمِ. |
| 75– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘It is not part of the moral virtues of a believer that he should flatter or be jealous except in the quest for knowledge.’[Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 29364] |
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76ـ الإمامُ زينُ العابدينَ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): حَقُّ سائسِكَ بِالعِلمِ: التَّعظيمُ لَهُ ، والتَّوقيرُ لِمَجلِسِهِ ، وحُسنُ الاستِماعِ إلَيهِ ، والإقبالُ عَلَيهِ ، وأن لا تَرفَعَ عَلَيهِ صَوتَكَ، وأن لا تُجيبَ أحَداً يَسألُهُ عَن شَيءٍ حَتّى يَكونَ هُوَ الّذي يُجيبُ ، ولا تُحَدِّثَ في مَجلسِهِ أحَداً ، ولا تَغتابَ عِندَهُ أحَداً، وأن تَدفَعَ عَنهُ إذا ذُكِرَ عِندَكَ بِسُوءٍ، وأن تَستُرَ عُيوبَهُ ، وتُظهِرَ مَناقِبَهُ ، ولا تُجالِسَ لَهُ عَدُوّاً، ولا تُعادِيَ لَهُ وَلِيّاً، فإذا فَعَلتَ ذلكَ شَهِدَ لَكَ مَلائكَةُ اللّهِ بِأنَّكَ قَصَدتَهُ وتَعَلَّمتَ عِلْمَهُ للّهِِ جَلَّ اسمُهُ لا لِلنّاسِ. |
| 76– Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) said, ‘The right of the one who trains you in knowledge is to magnify him, to frequent his sessions, to listen to him attentively, and to attend to him with devotion. You should not raise your voice to him, nor answer a question that someone has asked him about something, so that he may be the one to answer. You should not address anyone else in his session, nor backbite anyone in his presence. You must defend him if anyone ever speaks ill of him in your presence, conceal his faults and publicise his virtues. You should not sit in the company of his enemy, nor be hostile towards his friend. If you fulfil this right, Allah’ s angels bear witness that you frequented him and learned from his knowledge for the sake of Allah, exalted be His Name, and not for the sake of people.’[al-Khisal, p. 567, no. 1] |
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تَكريمُ العالِمِ |
Honouring the Scholar |
77ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): مَنِ استَقبَلَ العُلَماءَ فقَدِ استَقبَلَني ، ومَن زارَ العُلَماءَ فقَد زارَني ، ومَن جالَسَ العُلَماءَ فقَد جالَسَني ، ومَن جالَسَني فَكأنَّما جالَسَ رَبّي. |
| 77– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘He who goes forth to meet the scholars has indeed come forth to meet me, and he who visits the scholars has indeed visited me, and he who sits in the company of the scholars has indeed sat in my company, and whoever sits in my company is as if he has sat in the company of my Lord.’[Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 28883] |
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78ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إذا رَأيتَ عالِما فَكُن لَهُ خادِماً. |
| 78– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘When you see a scholar, be a servant to him.’[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 4044] |
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79ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن وَقَّرَ عالِماً فقَد وَقَّرَ رَبَّهُ . |
| 79– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘He who shows reverence to a scholar has revered his Lord.’ [Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 8704] |
التَّعليمُ |
Teaching |
51ـ عيسى (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن عَلِمَ ، وعَمِلَ ، وعَلَّمَ ، عُدَّ فِي المَلَكوتِ الأعظمِ عَظيماً. |
| 51– Prophet Jesus (AS) said, ‘He who has knowledge, acts upon what he knows and teaches it to others is regarded as great in the greatest Kingdom [of the heavens].’[Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1, p. 82] |
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52ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): أفضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ أن يَعلَمَ المَرءُ عِلماً ثُمَّ يُعَلِّمَهُ أخاهُ . |
| 52– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘The best form of charity is for a man to gain knowledge and then teach it to his fellow brother.’[Munyat al-Murid, p. 105] |
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53ـ رسولُ اللهِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): أيُّما رَجُلٍ آتاهُ اللّهُ عِلما فكَتَمَهُ وهُوَ يَعلَمُهُ ، لَقِيَ اللّهَ عَزَّوجلَّ يَومَ القِيامَةِ مُلجَماً بِلِجامٍ مِن نارٍ. |
| 53– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Any man who has been granted knowledge by Allah but who suppresses it, in spite of knowing it, will meet Allah, Mighty and Exalted, on the Day of Resurrection bridled with a rein of fire.’[Amali al-Tusi, p. 377, no. 808] |
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54ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): ما أخَذَ اللّهُ عَلى أهلِ الجَهلِ أن يَتَعَلَّموا حَتّى أخَذَ عَلى أهلِ العِلمِ أن يُعَلِّموا. |
| 54– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Allah does not obligate the ignorant to learn until He has obligated the knowledgeable to teach.’[Nahj al-Balagha, Saying 478] |
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55ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): كلُّ شَيءٍ يَنقُصُ عَلَى الإنفاقِ إلّا العِلمَ. |
| 55– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Everything decreases with giving away except knowledge.’[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 6888] |
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56ـ الإمامُ الباقرُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مَن عَلَّمَ بابَ هُدىً فلَهُ مِثلُ أجرِ مَن عَمِلَ بِهِ ، ولا يُنقَصُ اُولئكَ مِن اُجورِهِم شَيئاً. |
| 56– Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, ‘He who teaches someone a matter of guidance receives the same reward as he who practices it, without any decrease in the latter’ s reward thereof.’[Tuhaf al-`Uqoul, no. 297] |
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57ـ الإمامُ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): إنَّ لِكُلِّ شَيءٍ زَكاةً ، وزَكاةُ العِلمِ أن يُعَلِّمَهُ أهلَهُ . |
| 57– Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘Verily upon everything is its zakat, and the zakat of knowledge is to teach it to those who are worthy of it.’[Tuhaf al-`Uqoul, no. 364] |
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فَضلُ المُعَلِّمِ |
The Virtue of the Teacher |
58ـ أوحَى اللّهُ تَعالى إلى موسى: يا موسى ، تَعَلَّمِ الخَيرَ وعَلِّمْهُ النّاسَ ؛ فإنّي مُنَوِّرٌ لِمُعَلِّمي الخَيرِ ومُتَعَلِّميهِ قُبورَهُم ؛ حَتّى لا يَستَوحِشوا بِمَكانِهِم. |
| 58– It is narrated in Tanbih al-Khawatir Allah, most High, revealed to Prophet Moses (AS) saying, ‘O Moses, learn good and teach it to people, for verily I enlighten the graves of the teachers and the learners of good, so that they never feel afraid in their resting place.’[Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 2, p. 212] |
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59ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): ألا اُخبِرُكُم عَنِ الأجوَدِ الأجوَدِ ؟ اللّهُ الأجوَدُ الأجوَدُ ، وأنا أجوَدُ وُلدِ آدَمَ ، وأجوَدُكُم مِن بَعدي رَجُلٌ عُلِّمَ عِلما فنَشَرَ عِلمَهُ ، يُبعَثُ يَومَ القِيامَةِ اُمَّةً وَحدَهُ ، ورَجُلٌ جادَ بِنَفسِهِ للّهِِ عَزَّوجلَّ حَتّى يُقتَلَ . |
| 59– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Shall I inform you who the absolutely most generous one is Allah is the Absolutely Most Generous One, and I am the most generous of Adam’ s offspring, and the most generous from amongst you all after me is the man who has been taught knowledge and subsequently spreads his knowledge to others. He will be raised on the Day of Resurrection as a community in himself, and after him is the man who is generous in giving up his life for Allah, Mighty and Exalted, and is killed for Him.’[al-Targhib wa al-Tarhiib, v. 1, p. 119, no. 5] |
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60ـ الإمامُ الباقرُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): مُعَلِّمُ الخَيرِ يَستَغفِرُ لَهُ دَوابُّ الأرضِ ، وحِيتانُ البُحورِ ، وكُلُّ صَغيرَةٍ وكَبيرَةٍ في أرضِ اللّهِ وسَمائهِ. |
| 60– Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, ‘For the teacher of good, all the animals on the land and the fish in the sea seek forgiveness on his behalf, as do all creatures great and small in Allah’ s earth and sky.’[Thawab al-A`amal, p. 159, no. 1] |
The Death of a Scholar |
34– Imam al-Sadiq (AS) was once asked regarding the Prophet (SAWA)’ s saying, ‘Looking at the faces of scholars is an act of worship’ , to which he replied, ‘It refers to the scholar whom looking at reminds you of the Hereafter, and whoever is not thus, then looking at him is a trial.’[Tanbih al-Khawatir, v. 1, p. 84]
فَضلُ العُلَماء |
The Virtue of the Scholars |
85ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): العُلَماءُ اُمَناءُ اللّهِ عَلى خَلقِهِ. |
| 85– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘The scholars are Allah’s trustees over His creation.’[Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 28675] |
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86ـ رسولُ اللهِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): فَضلُ العالِمِ عَلى غَيرِهِ كَفَضلِ النَّبِيِّ عَلى اُمَّتِهِ . |
| 86– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘The superiority of the scholar over others is as the superiority of the prophet over his community.’[Kanz al-`Ummal, no. 28798] |
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87ـ رسولُ اللهِِ (صَلَّيَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ وَ آلِهِ): مَن قالَ: أنا عالِمٌ فَهُوَ جاهِلٌ . |
| 87– The Prophet (SAWA) said, ‘Whoever says ‘I am a knowledgeable man’ is indeed ignorant.’[Munyat al-Murid, no. 137] |
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88ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): العُلَماءُ حُكّامٌ عَلَى النّاسِ . |
| 88– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The scholars are the governors over people.’[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 507] |
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89ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): العالِمُ مَن لا يَشبَعُ مِنَ العِلمِ ، ولا يَتَشبَّعُ بِهِ . |
| 89– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The scholar is the one who is never satiated with knowledge, and never becomes full of it.’[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 1740] |
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90ـ الإمامُ عليٌّ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): العالِمُ الّذي لايَمَلُّ مِن تَعَلُّمِ العِلمِ . |
| 90– Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘The scholar is the one who never gets bored of gaining knowledge.’[Ghurar al-Hikam, no. 1303] |
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91ـ الإمامُ الصّادقُ (عَلَيهِ الّسَلامُ): عُلَماءُ شيعَتِنا مُرابِطونَ فِي الثَّغرِ الّذي يَلي إبليسَ وعَفاريتَهُ ، يَمنَعونَهُم عَنِ الخُروجِ عَلى ضُعَفاءِ شيعَتِنا ، وعَن أن يَتَسَلَّطَ عَلَيهِم إبليسُ وشيعَتُهُ. |
| 91– Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘The scholars from among our shi`aa are stationed at the opening next to where Satan and his demons are, preventing them from coming out to the weak shi`aa and from letting Satan and his followers gain mastery over them.’[al-Ihtijaj, v. 1, p. 13, no. 7] |
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